There are numerous industries, processes and applications where steam boilers are still used. Thanks to their efficiency, versatility, and reliability in generating steam for various purposes, they are widely used in commercial and industrial buildings for space heating, hot water and process hot water production. In healthcare facilities, for example, they are used for sterilisation of medical equipment and supplies; and within the food and beverage industry for cooking and distilling applications. And so, the list goes on, with manufacturers using steam boilers throughout the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, textiles, paper and pulp industries and many others.
Processes and applications using steam have revolutionised over the years, however, the same cannot be said for steam boilers themselves. That was until, in 2018, Fulton launched the VSRT vertical steam boiler.
Claimed to be the most radical change to vertical steam boiler design since it first pioneered the vertical tubeless boiler in 1949, Fulton’s VSRT has rocked the steam boiler market since its launch to become class-leading and a symbol of efficiency, with many users benefitting from excellent savings in gas and water consumption and reductions in CO2 and NOX emissions.
At launch, the seven-model VSRT range was available with outputs from 160 to 960 kg/h, but with demand increasing for an energy efficient boiler with larger outputs, Fulton is now expanding its range and introducing two new, re-designed VSRTs (VSRT-100 and VSRT-125) with outputs of 1565 and 1956 kg/h. But what are the benefits of these two larger output models for end users?
As Fulton’s managing director Carl Knight explains, these models are ground-breaking for their output range: “When you consider the new models, there are no truly efficient tubeless vertical steam boilers in the marketplace with similar output ranges, the VSRT is the only tubeless boiler available with the capability of efficiently producing nearly two tonnes per hour of steam. In short, what we are delivering with these new models is much higher output versions without compromising efficiency!”
The new VSRT models maintain exceptionally high operating efficiencies (up to 86% gross thermal efficiency compared to approximately 80% from typical boiler designs), which results in lower operating and lifecycle costs and improved return on investment. In fact, using the lower-output VSRTs as an example, many of Fulton’s customers are achieving fuel savings of between 20% and 30%, with the University of East Anglia reporting a reduction in gas consumption from a recent installation of nearly 28% and over 57% for water. In addition to the gas and water savings, the University’s sustainability report also identified an 85-tonne reduction in CO2 annually, savings that can be credited towards its net zero goals, and an approximate 40% reduction in NOX emissions throughout the burner firing range.
And, as Carl explains, Fulton fully expects the VSRT-100 and VSRT-125 to achieve the same savings. “Like lower output models, the latest VSRTs boast the same impressively high 10:1 turndown capability and continue to achieve ultra-low NOX emissions of less than 20ppm or 40mg/Nm3 at 3% O2, which falls well below MCPD’s requirement of <100mg/Nm3., The VSRT also therefore complies with the stringent City of London Air Quality Strategy requirements.”
These advanced, energy-saving and environmentally beneficial features are standard across the now expanded VSRT range. Compared to other steam boilers, the VSRT is also a more durable and, in many cases, compact boiler that is energy-efficient, produces an increased output of higher quality steam and is easy to maintain.
So how do the new VSRTs compare to other steam raising solutions with similar outputs?
As already mentioned, the new VSRTs are the only tubeless boilers available with the capability of efficiently producing nearly two tonnes per hour of steam. To achieve similar outputs, end users would have to consider horizontal shell and tube boilers or steam generators.
The water volume of the VSRT is equivalent to or greater than these alternatives yet, combined with an impressive steam chest volume, can react quickly to changes in steam demand. And despite the larger water volume, the larger VSRTs still boast a start-up time of less than one hour (compared to between 3 and 24 hours for a typical boiler) and achieve a steam quality of >99.75%, a detail most manufacturers are unwilling to publish.
Thanks to its unique design, the VSRT’s patented spiral-rib heat exchanger virtually eliminates thermal stress, so Fulton has therefore created a longer-lasting boiler that not only improves boiler efficiency but one that the company believes will beat the competition in every category of durability. This is why all VSRTs come with the assurance of a 10-year ‘unparalleled’ warranty on the pressure vessel, double that of the industry standard.
With features including a vertical tubeless design with no refractory whatsoever, and thanks to its industrial control platform and easy access to the pressure vessel, the VSRT is also extremely easy to maintain. Additionally, as it contains no refractory there is no requirement for five-yearly, non-destructive testing, which contributes to reduced lifecycle costs when compared to standard horizontal boilers.
Efficiency and operation stats aside, the VSRT’s footprint can be as little as 25% of an equivalent horizontal boiler, a significant saving when designing buildings, and a major factor when considering the lease cost of real estate.
But what does this all mean for the end user in terms of lifecycle costs?
The following 15-year comparative costs example uses a single boiler installation. Here, a typical three-pass, horizontal shell and tube steam boiler (without economiser) is replaced by Fulton’s new VSRT-125, both firing on natural gas, with each boiler having a steam output of 1,956kg/h. For this comparison, we have conservatively assumed the VSRT to be 20% more efficient than an equivalent horizontal boiler; and that each boiler has a total annual run time of 4,200 hours.
Lifecycle Service/Maintenance Costs (Inspections, etc.)
Horizontal Boiler: £68,700.00
VSRT Boiler: £39,000.00
Additional Recommended & Mandatory Maintenance Costs (NDT, Inspections, etc.)
Horizontal Boiler: £36,954.00
VSRT Boiler: £4,400.00
Extraordinary Maintenance & Repair Costs (D Patch, Re-tube, Refractory)
Horizontal Boiler: £44,000.00
VSRT Boiler: £2,000.00
Fuel Costs (Based on 0.06p per kW/h inc. Standing Charge)
Horizontal Boiler: £5,862,213.00
VSRT Boiler: £4,594,060.80
Footprint Costs (Based on £9/sqft/annum)
Horizontal Boiler: £74,250.00
VSRT Boiler: £19,440.00
Total Lifecycle Costs (Exc. Supply and Water Treatment)
Horizontal Boiler: £6,167.765.00
VSRT Boiler: £4,700,300.80.00
In summary, as these figures demonstrate, with lifecycle cost savings approaching £1.5 million over 15 years and payback achieved within a matter of months, Fulton’s VSRT delivers a solution to help with both the financial and environmental challenges that are at the forefront of mind for many decision makers.
Heat transfer specialist Fulton will be using BeerX to promote how its class-leading fuel-fired and electric steam boilers and portfolio of aftercare solutions can help with a brewery’s or distillery’s decarbonisation strategy and put your company on the Road to Net Zero.
While Fulton will continue to promote the many features and benefits of its Classic and award-winning VSRT vertical steam boilers the company will, at a time when fuel costs are soaring and efficiency is vital to an organisation’s on-going strategy, also be promoting its range of electric steam boilers.
Some believe that electric steam boilers are superior to fuel-fired steam boilers in many ways, believing that using electric boilers may be less expensive than using a fuel-fired boiler in the long term, whilst also possibly being more environmentally friendly.
Using Fulton’s portfolio of electric steam boilers as an example, including Compack, Electropack and Europack models, less ancillary equipment is required than a traditional steam boiler, therefore helping to reduce the installation costs that come with a fuel-fired boiler. Electric boilers also generally have a smaller footprint and can therefore fit into smaller areas thanks to the way they are constructed and the lack of ancillaries that a fuel-fired boiler needs to operate. Additionally, because no flue system nor fuel supply is required, electric steam boilers can sometimes be located closer to the process, which reduces pipe work losses and improves steam system efficiencies.
However, this doesn’t mean the end for fuel-fired boilers which, given the correct infrastructure and process requirements, will play a huge role in a company’s decarbonisation strategy.
Beyond its product portfolio, the company will also be showcasing the many solutions on offer from its aftercare division, which can support Fulton’s own installations and those from other boiler manufacturers.
As well as offering boiler spares and repair service for all makes and types of heat transfer equipment, Fulton’s aftercare portfolio also includes accredited boiler operator training to INDG436 and BG01-R2, technical boiler house risk assessments, boiler and water treatment service contracts, water treatment training to BG04 and EN12953, steam trap surveys, site mass balance assessments and system design, etc
For further information on Fulton’s heat transfer and aftercare solutions, visit stand 85 at BeerX, call +44 (0)117 972 3322 or click www.fulton.co.uk.
Heat transfer specialist Fulton will be using BeerX to promote how its class-leading fuel-fired and electric steam boilers and portfolio of aftercare solutions can help with a brewery’s or distillery’s decarbonisation strategy and put your company on the Road to Net Zero.
While Fulton will continue to promote the many features and benefits of its Classic and award-winning VSRT vertical steam boilers the company will, at a time when fuel costs are soaring and efficiency is vital to an organisation’s on-going strategy, also be promoting its range of electric steam boilers.
Some believe that electric steam boilers are superior to fuel-fired steam boilers in many ways, believing that using electric boilers may be less expensive than using a fuel-fired boiler in the long term, whilst also possibly being more environmentally friendly.
Using Fulton’s portfolio of electric steam boilers as an example, including Compack, Electropack and Europack models, less ancillary equipment is required than a traditional steam boiler, therefore helping to reduce the installation costs that come with a fuel-fired boiler. Electric boilers also generally have a smaller footprint and can therefore fit into smaller areas thanks to the way they are constructed and the lack of ancillaries that a fuel-fired boiler needs to operate. Additionally, because no flue system nor fuel supply is required, electric steam boilers can sometimes be located closer to the process, which reduces pipe work losses and improves steam system efficiencies.
However, this doesn’t mean the end for fuel-fired boilers which, given the correct infrastructure and process requirements, will play a huge role in a company’s decarbonisation strategy.
Beyond its product portfolio, the company will also be showcasing the many solutions on offer from its aftercare division, which can support Fulton’s own installations and those from other boiler manufacturers.
As well as offering boiler spares and repair service for all makes and types of heat transfer equipment, Fulton’s aftercare portfolio also includes accredited boiler operator training to INDG436 and BG01-R2, technical boiler house risk assessments, boiler and water treatment service contracts, water treatment training to BG04 and EN12953, steam trap surveys, site mass balance assessments and system design, etc
For further information on Fulton’s heat transfer and aftercare solutions, visit stand 85 at BeerX, call +44 (0)117 972 3322 or click www.fulton.co.uk.
The University of East Anglia (UEA) is no stranger to steam boilers from Fulton having been using the heat transfer specialist’s solutions for many years. But having replaced their ageing plant with new VSRT boilers, even they were surprised at just how efficient the installation would prove!
With steam being essential to the University and used extensively for humidification purposes – to ensure that the appropriate environmental conditions of 55% to 65% RH are maintained – and for the autoclaving of equipment and waste, any installation needed a form of redundancy in place from the outset.
Installed in 2004 and handed over to the facilities team in 2005, the University’s original installation therefore featured three J Series boilers, allowing for two to cope with daily requirement and the third as a standby for when steam demand was high or during servicing and maintenance schedules on the other boilers.
Commenting for UEA, Estates Project Lead Philip Page says: “Even during the original planning phases for the boiler plant room we knew that floorspace, headroom and access was going to be limited. With horizontal firetubes out of the question and many vertical boilers at the time requiring almost double the height of the boiler itself for maintenance purposes, Fulton’s J Series was the perfect solution.
“Fast forward to when we started the replacement programme for the J Series a review revealed that things, in the most part, hadn’t changed in the boiler market and no other boiler that could fit within the plant room was as capable or efficient. We therefore put the programme on hold.”
Thankfully for the University, when the time did come to complete the replacement programme, a market review in 2019 revealed that Fulton had just launched its all-new VSRT, the most radical change to vertical steam boiler design since the company pioneered the vertical tubeless boiler back in 1949; and the world’s first fully-wetted, refractory-free vertical tubeless boiler. The compact footprint of the VSRT also meant it was a perfect fit for the existing plant room.
Available with outputs from 160 to 960 kg/h, the VSRT boasts ultra-low NOx emissions of less than 20ppm, achieved thanks to the VSRT's combustion technology that features a modulating burner and furnace that have been purposely-designed as a single component and fully-matched with the VSRT in mind. This has helped Fulton to achieve up to 10:1 turndown capabilities and industry-leading performance of >82.5% gross thermal efficiency and 99.75% steam quality at 8 bar.
Having been in constant use for over 14 years, the University replaced all three Fulton J Series steam boilers with an all-new heat transfer system featuring three VSRT-50 boilers complete with all necessary ancillary plant including water treatment, chemical dosing, blowdown vessel and feedwater tank.
Because of the plant room’s situation – located in the middle of the building on the second floor – a temporary steam main was installed and piped to an external boiler plant solution that was hired so the facility’s steam supply could be maintained. A crash desk was then built two floors up, the end wall of the building removed, and the J Series boilers removed and replaced with the VSRTs. In total, the entire replacement process took six weeks to complete.
Two years after the VSRT installation was commissioned and handed over to the University’s estates team, a review of energy savings was commissioned to compared the old and new installations, with the results proving significant.
“The sustainability team compared the last 12 months usage of the three VSRTs to that of the three J Series boilers’ pre-Covid usage in 2019 and has reported a reduction in gas consumption of nearly 28% and over 57% for water.” says Philip. “Even if you don’t to take into account the recent cost increases in gas, these savings are significant and really impressive!”.
In addition to the gas and water savings, the sustainability report also identified an 85-tonne reduction in CO2 annually, savings that can be credited towards the University’s net zero goals. The University is also seeing an approximate 40% reduction in NOx emissions throughout the burner firing range.
As part of the new VSRT package, Fulton’s SCOPE boiler sequencing system was also specified which, as Philip Page explains, the University sees as being vital to the installation’s longevity.
“We operate an N+1 strategy at the University and most of the time two of the three boilers are firing to meet demand. The autoclaves are not always in use and during these times only one of the boilers is needed. However, we’re keen on maintaining equal operating hours across all three boilers and balancing water treatment across them too, so Fulton’s new SCOPE system enables us to automate weekly boiler changeovers to vary the lead boiler.
And while Philip can’t attribute the savings achieved from the boiler installation to the SCOPE itself, he is confident that the sequencing system will help to reduce maintenance costs by balancing operating times across the three boilers.
Beyond the impressive savings achieved, the University’s Estates team has also noted that compared to the J Series installation, the VSRTs are noticeably quiet in operation thanks in part to the fully-modulating burners running at lower levels when steam demand is low.
Summarising, Philip Page says that in the years that the University had Fulton boilers they really do tick all boxes. “We can’t fault their operation, and we can’t fault the Fulton service or customer support.”.
Steam specialist TLV Euro Engineering has launched the FJ32, a range of free-float steam traps designed for process applications including jacketed pans, heat exchangers and vulcanisers that, while adopting the universal QuickTrap® connection, can be regularly, safely and easily removed, repaired and reused.
Commenting for TLV Euro Engineering, General Manager Michael Povey says: “The new FJ32 steam traps really are exceptional! The FJ32 is a maintainable process steam trap with QuickTrap connections that, when used in conjunction with TLV’s recently-launched QuickStation™ QS10 steam trap station, can be safely isolated, the system blown down, existing trap removed and new trap installed and reopened for getting the process back up and running quickly. The FJ32 can then be maintained and put back into stock for future use.”
A reliable and durable stainless-steel steam trap for use on steam mains and process equipment, the two models in the FJ32 range – FJ32-X and FJ32-B – feature a two-bolt universal QuickTrap connector that facilitates inline steam trap replacement in either vertical or horizontal piping. This significantly reduces the time required for installation, removal, repair and maintenance; with removal of the old and installation of the new traps undertaken in a matter of minutes. This connection also allows traps to be positioned correctly regardless of pipeline configuration.
Utilising TLV’s Free Float technology, the trap quickly adjusts to changes in the condensate load, with the three-point seating ensuring a steam tight seal even under low load conditions. The precision ground float provides an infinite number of contact surfaces with the orifice, ensuring negligible wear.
The high temperature (max. 350ºC) FJ32-B and low temperature (max. 240ºC) FJ32-X models come with different air venting methodologies to minimise start-up time. This, coupled with the maximum operating pressure of 32barG, offers a versatile trap suitable for a variety of applications.”
For further information, call TLV Euro Engineering on +44 (0)1242 227223, email sales@tlv.co.uk or visit www.tlv.co.uk.
A pressure reducing valve from steam specialist TLV Euro Engineering has been installed at King’s College Hospital in London and operating on a daily basis for nearly 14 years without an overhaul or spares fitted.
The COSPECT pressure reducing valve was originally specified by TLV Euro Engineering and installed by a contractor in 2008 for the King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust’s Ruskin Wing, the tallest building in the Denmark Hill campus and one housing many of the hospital’s neurological departments. Originally installed outside between two buildings at the site, the COSPECT valve has since been enclosed by further building works at the hospital campus.
Installed to reduce pressure in the main steam line from 8 bar to 2 bar, indirect steam is used for the hospital’s heating batteries and domestic hot water purposes, so the COSPECT valve is operating 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
It is estimated that the valve has achieved an average throughput of 950kg/h over its 14-year life, equivalent to 117,000 tonnes of steam. And in that time, the pressure reducing valve has never had any spares fitted, never been overhauled and has only occasionally had the operating pressures adjusted by the end user.
Commenting for TLV Euro Engineering, general manager Michael Povey says: “We were approached by Joji Abraham, the hospital’s estate officer, who was so impressed with the durability and longevity of the valve that he had no hesitation in contacting us when seeking a quote for a new plate heat exchanger system for the refurbishment of the Trust’s bone marrow ward.
“The age of the COSPECT was subsequently confirmed by our regional sales engineer during an initial site audit for the planned ward refurbishment project, with the programme since being fully commissioned and featuring two new plate heat exchangers from TLV Euro Engineering.”
When the COSPECT was first introduced in 1985, TLV had been manufacturing steam traps and related steam products for over 30 years and was well aware of the limitations and inadequacies its customers were experiencing with conventional PRV’s. Based on this feedback, TLV applied its fluid control technology to solve the many associated problems including fluctuations in primary and secondary pressures and valve hunting and vibration.
The renowned COSPECT, which many believe to be the ultimate pressure reducing valve (PRV), uniquely combines three components in a single valve – a piston-operated pressure reducing valve, a cyclonical effects separator and a free-float steam trap. This innovation not only saves space but also simplifies system layout, piping and maintenance. The COSPECT also ensures that dry saturated steam is provided at constant pressure and temperature, which helps to improve product quality.
COSPECT’s separator achieves 98% condensate separation efficiency and the strainer removes any remaining rust or scale. In addition, the condensate that is separated out is quickly removed through the built-in free float trap. All of which produces a noticeable improvement in the quality of the steam, and its heat conductivity. This can lead to increased valve life as well as increasing the service life and performance downstream equipment.
Maintenance is also simplified thanks to the COSPECT’s modular construction and use of PTFE gaskets, which makes the unit quick and easy to remove, or to maintain inline.
For further information, call TLV Euro Engineering on +44 (0)1242 227223, email sales@tlv.co.uk or visit www.tlv.co.uk.
The new Classic from heat transfer specialist Fulton builds on the successes of its 70-year boiler manufacturing history to deliver a vertical steam boiler that is engineered to meet its customers’ requirements. An evolution of Fulton’s original vertical tubeless design, Classic is simple, compact and built to last, and is backed by more than 100,000 boilers installed around the world.
Available with gas, oil, or LPG/Propane burners, Classic is available with outputs from 100kW to 300kW (160 to 480 kg/h) at 10.34 Barg and efficiencies up to 84%. Full steam output is available from a cold start within 20 minutes, meaning Classic steam boilers can meet the rapid steam requirements for numerous industrial applications, including pharmaceutical, healthcare, food and beverage.
Classic uses proven technology to deliver steam economically, while maintaining the rugged, robust and reliable operation expected from a Fulton heat transfer solution. The pressure vessel is no less than 8mm thick; and the Classic's industry-leading vertical design eliminates tubes or coils that are subject to oxygen pitting, corrosion and burn out; ensuring decades of trouble-free operation. To ensure minimal downtime and maximum production availability, ease of maintenance is also a given of the Classic’s design.
Additionally, Classic steam boilers are exempt from expensive and time-consuming SBG01 non-destructive testing requirements.
With more companies looking to hit the magic net zero target by 2030, Fulton’s Leigh Bryan asks what options there are for those businesses with processing facilities that are off grid and having to rely on sometimes ageing heat transfer solutions using high-carbon, oil-based fuels for firing.
According to official statistics for England and Wales, there are over 1.6 million non-domestic buildings, with nearly 300,000 of those located in areas not linked to the gas grid and many using fossil-based fuels for various heating purposes. Why? Because their location makes connection to the grid too expensive or, in some case, not even possible.
So, with heat transfer solutions in mind, what are the options for those operating a business that is situated off-grid and facing the challenge of sourcing a reliable and efficient source of energy?
Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
When it comes to off grid, LPG is considered the cleanest, most efficient and effective fuel compared to traditional fuel types, including coal, oil and electricity. It emits almost no particulate matter, with oil emitting 10x the value and coal a massive 100x. Additionally, LPG emits 35% less carbon than coal and 12% less than oil; and, for those struggling to meet current MCPD regulations LPG can, utilising the correct burner equipment, also significantly reduces NOx emissions compared to traditional off-grid fuels, with oil seeing 50% more emissions.
Aside from the environmental benefits of LPG there’s also cost benefits to consider, with the UK government scrapping fuel duty on Class D Red Diesel from April 2022, which could see fuel costs for those operating oil-fired heat transfer solutions rise by as much as 50%.
For a recent installation at leading British condiments maker Tracklements, production capacity has been boosted and the company’s environmental credentials enhanced by replacing its existing oil-fired steam boilers with modern, efficient liquid gas-fired Fulton VSRT vertical steam boilers.
With a relationship exceeding 40 years, Tracklements approached Fulton when specify a cutting-edge system that would help minimise its environmental impact. With a requirement for an off-grid solution, Fulton initially suggested a packaged system comprising of its Europack electric steam boilers but, following a site audit, it was realised that the infrastructure wasn’t in place to support a solution. So the company instead specified its award-winning VSRT steam boilers with LPG burners and recommended Flogas as the liquid gas supplier.
By modernising their steam raising equipment and changing their fuel type to liquid gas, Tracklements can expect an impressive 21% financial saving and a near 25% reduction in carbon emissions, with the cost savings being based on current oil prices before the planned withdrawal of tax relief on red diesel in April 2022 so, looking forward, they are actually far more favourable.
These savings, along with improved carbon emissions, can be improved further by up to 30% when combined with the potential steam system efficiency savings by running the latest fully-modulating, high-turndown boilers – each genuinely capable of a 10:1 turndown – resulting in the production of high-quality steam at up to 99.75% dryness. What’s more, our liquid gas-fired VSRTs will help minimise other pollutants, with NOx levels at commissioning reduced by 75% compared to the previous oil-fired steam boilers.
Based on the current cost of 32 second oil combined with the planned increase in production and efficiency of the VSRT steam boilers, the customer expects a return on investment within 18 months. However, if the planned duty increases on fuel are factored in, that period will be significantly shorter.
The installation at Tracklements is also supported by both service and water treatment contracts from Fulton, who have also provided certified boiler operator training for several employees at the facility.
However, changing fuel type doesn’t always mean a completely new boiler. Following a site survey and steam load distribution analysis by Fulton and Weishaupt at a brewery in the South West in 2020, the steam boiler and burner specialists identified opportunities to reduce carbon emissions at the site and save money on fuel by upgrading the burner on a Fulton RBC2500 horizontal steam boiler that was installed in 2007.
The boiler was originally fitted with a high/low, conventional control box oil-fired burner, which was achieving a turndown ratio of less than 2:1. Partnering with Weishaupt, a micro-modulating LPG burner with integrated digital burner management system – air and gas servo motors accurate to within 0.1° – was specified and installed, with Fulton also specifying optional burner motor variable speed drive to reduce electrical power consumption and oxygen trim to maximise combustion efficiency. Additionally, with NOx levels reduced thanks to the upgrade, the RBC2500 is now also fully MCPD compliant.
The result of the partnership between Fulton, Weishaupt and Flogas (as the off-grid LPG supplier) is an upgraded steam boiler with turndown improved to at least 7:1 which, combined with the added burner options, is predicted to save the brewery in excess of 20% in fuel consumption alone. Impressive reductions in carbon emissions by changing to a cleaner, lower-carbon fuel like liquid gas will also be achieved and add to the efficiency savings.
“The cost savings predicted for the upgrade project at the brewery are expected to deliver a payback period of between nine and ten months and will go a long way in assisting the company’s Road to Net Zero efforts.” says Fulton’s Leigh Bryan.
Electricity Grid
Some experts believe that electric steam boilers are superior to fuel-fired steam boilers in a few ways. They believe that using electric boilers may be less expensive than using a fuel-fired boiler in the long term, whilst also being more environmentally friendly.
Using Fulton’s portfolio of electric steam boilers as an example, less ancillary equipment is required than a traditional steam boiler, therefore helping to reduce the installation costs that come with a fuel-fired boiler. Electric boilers also generally have a smaller footprint and can therefore fit into smaller areas thanks to the way they are constructed and the lack of ancillaries that a fuel-fired boiler needs to operate. And thanks to their small footprints and the fact there are no flue requirements to consider, they can often be used for point-of-use steam requirements, making them a good choice for many smaller operations, including small-batch distillery, micro-brewery and autoclave applications.
Electric boilers are sometimes overlooked as a potential solution to steam generation due in part to the higher cost of electricity versus the cost of traditional fuels such as LPG, kerosene (gas oil), etc. However, with the UK government scrapping fuel duty in April 2022 and the cost of gas oil set to increase dramatically as a result, many companies are now turning to more sustainable methods of generating electricity, including solar or wind generation, with such schemes offsetting, or at least partially offsetting, the higher fuel costs.
Traditional fuel-fired steam boilers generally require multiple elements to operate successfully. In contrast, electric boilers are relatively simple devices. Additionally, because electric steam boilers do not use complicated forms of heat exchange, they do not contain many of the potential hazards that are commonly present in a fuel-fired boiler. Electric boilers are also generally easier to maintain because they don’t require tube replacements, burner maintenance or statutory non-destructive testing (NDT), all of which fuel-fired boilers often require.
Electric steam boilers are more efficient than fuel-fired boilers because they require less energy to be put into them for operation at capacity. This is because there is little energy lost when the transfer of heat from the heating element to the water occurs, unlike traditional fuel-fired boilers where there is a substantial amount of energy loss from the air flow required to supply oxygen to the flame.
Additionally, because electric steam boilers can be fitted, in some cases, with as many as 12 electrical elements (dependent on model), they have a high turndown – up to 12:1 in the case of Fulton’s electric steam boiler range – so are able to modulate efficiently to varying steam loads.
Electric boilers are, as already stated, more efficient and recognised as having smaller carbon footprints than their fuel-fired counterparts, but for large generating capacities are frequently impractical to install due to large supply cables and infrastructure requirements. However, with no burner service and no NDT inspection required every five years, the actual maintenance costs can be up to 50%* less than those of fuel-fired steam boilers. Generally, the only major parts that are periodically changed are the electric elements themselves, yet these are often replaced quickly and cost effectively. This balances lower life cycle costs against the high maintenance requirements of fuel-fired boilers, including refractory repair/replacement, 5-year NDT requirements, burner maintenance, flue maintenance, and the requirement for highly-skilled and often highly-paid plant operatives.
Blended Fuels
With the UK government scrapping fuel duty on Class D red diesel in April 2022, many companies unable to invest in upgrading existing or installing new plant are looking to equivalent blended fuels to fuel their steam boilers which, at present, are not subject to the implementation of the fuel duty scrappage.
The use of blended fuels requires little change to an existing boiler setup, with only minimal re-commissioning of the burner required. However, blended fuels burn at the same calorific value as Class D oil, there will also be minimal benefit from the reduction in carbon emissions or NOx levels achieved from switching to electric or LPG.
Compared to Class D oil, there is also a shortage of blended fuels in the marketplace. Additionally, like many other fuel types, there are winter and summer grades to be aware of. So, if you’re still running a summer-grade fuel in the winter, you need to be conscious of potential waxing of the fuel pipes, filters and other burner components.
Many blended fuels also required agitation to ensure the fuel mix remains consistent. This can be achieved with a simple two-pipe system that runs back to the tank to achieve circulation, but without this type of system, the installation of an in-tank agitator is recommended to ensure there is no stratification of the fuel.
Finally, there’s the residue found in boilers from blended fuels and their associated bio-components not burning as efficiently. Any residue will impact the overall efficiency of the boiler and we have seen cases where we estimate at least a 12% loss in efficiency due to the insulating properties of the residue in the boiler causing an increase in flue gas temperatures of around 90ºC.
What does the future hold?
We have of course only looked at three firing options for operating steam boilers off-grid in this article, but there are others. And what about the future?
At Fulton, we are already developing hybrid steam boiler solutions that combine a LPG-fired boiler with electric, where the base load of the process is picked up by the electric boiler and seasonal swings and high loads by the traditional boiler; all of which helps to dramatically reduce carbon emissions. We are also working with partners, such as Weishaupt, and looking at the future of hydrogen, although a move to 100% hydrogen-fired steam boilers is unlikely for off grid solutions.
TLV Euro Engineering has launched QuickStation™ QS10, a compact, reliable steam trap station for use with TLV QuickTrap® to allow for condensate drainage from steam mains, tracers and light processes, which is suitable for use in pharmaceutical, food and beverage applications or where ease of steam trap installation and maintenance is critical.
The QuickStation QS10’s compact, all-in-one design and reliable operation enables simple, inline trap installation in either the horizontal or vertical plane in minutes. It is constructed from stainless-steel for durability and corrosion resistance and is suitable for applications with maximum operating temperature of 185ºC and maximum operating pressure of 10 barg.
The four models in the QS10 range are offered with multiple piping arrangements and either single or double upstream/downstream isolation valves. The double isolation, along with optional BD2 blowdown valve, allows operators to blow out condensate/steam to prove safe isolation and allow for a safe replacement. An integrated strainer helps to prevent equipment damage or production issues due to entrained material, and an integral check valve prevents backflow.
TLV Euro Engineering also offers a range of precision-engineered QuickTrap models compatible with QuickStation for numerous applications, including its renowned Free Float® traps to minimise steam loss and save energy, and balanced pressure thermostatic and thermodynamic models for specific applications.
By making trap installation, replacement, and maintenance simple, costly steam trap problems can be rectified quickly, preventing energy loss, preventing system damage and improving energy efficiency.
For further information on the QuickStation QS10 and other steam solutions, call TLV Euro Engineering on +44 (0)1242 227223, email sales@tlv.co.uk or visit www.tlv.co.uk.
With the withdrawal of fuel duty due in April, many businesses operating steam boilers have been considering the alternatives to red diesel/fuel oil.
A point of interest that Fulton has noted recently is that some fuel suppliers have acknowledged that a high percentage of light oil fuels tested on site (approximately 80% of samples) are contaminated in one form or another. Contaminants in fuel can include particulate matter and water that can affect the flow of oil and cause waxing and corrosion, which can lead to boiler lockout, incomplete combustion and/or wear on components, corrosion of fittings and pipework, etc., all of which affects a boiler's efficiency.
Example of Fuel WaxingThis is why with our current range of steam boilers, including the award-winning VSRT, liquid petroleum or natural gases are considered the optimum and most stable and efficient methods of firing a steam boiler because they avoid the use of potentially contaminated fuel oils, or the requirement for costly fuel polishing to remove moisture and debris from contaminated oil installations.
However, we understand that moving from oil to liquid gas can be cost and even geographically prohibitive, so steps should be taken to ensure that fuel oils remain stable. These include regular checks for moisture and particulate matter in the fuel and tanks; and ensuring the steam boiler itself is regularly maintained and serviced according to manufacturers' guidelines, which should include valve inspections and oil filter changes.
Example of Fuel Polishing. Image courtesy of Crown OilsFor those where cost and geography do not pose an issue, moving to a cleaner fuel (such as liquid gas from Flogas) and one that is easier to manage does come with huge benefits to businesses operating steam boilers. For example, following a site survey and steam load distribution analysis by Fulton and Weishaupt at a brewery in the South West of England in 2020, the two companies identified opportunities to reduce carbon emissions at the site and save money on fuel by upgrading the burner on a Fulton RBC2500 horizontal steam boiler that was installed in 2007.
The boiler was originally fitted with a high/low, conventional control box oil-fired burner, which was achieving a turndown ratio of less than 2:1. Partnering with Weishaupt, a micro-modulating LPG burner with integrated digital burner management system – air and gas servo motors accurate to within 0.1° – was specified and installed, with Fulton also specifying optional burner motor variable speed drive to reduce electrical power Soot buildup in a horizontal boiler.consumption and oxygen trim to maximise combustion efficiency. Additionally, with NOx levels reduced as a result of the upgrade, the RBC2500 is now also fully MCPD compliant.
Commenting for Fulton, Leigh Bryan says: “The result of the partnership between Fulton and Weishaupt, with Flogas also involved as the liquid gas supplier, is an upgraded steam boiler with turndown improved to at least 7:1 which, combined with the added burner options, is predicted to save the brewery in excess of 20% in fuel consumption alone. Impressive reductions in carbon emissions by changing to a cleaner, lower-carbon fuel like liquid gas will also be achieved and add to the efficiency savings.
“The cost savings predicted for the upgrade project at the brewery are expected to deliver a payback period of less than 12 months and will go a long way in assisting the company’s impressive Road to Net Zero efforts.”
